The law protects this right’. Morocco has one of the larger armed forces in the region but also one of the lowest budgets. April 9, 2013. Transparency and open budget, the true stakes in Morocco’s governance reform; BLOG. The October session is opened by the King. By bringing together a multitude of OECD instruments and expertise in different areas of public governance, the … The previous elections were held on 25 November 2011, but voter turnout was low (45 per cent), indicating the lack of trust in the electoral system. Buy +/-/ 1000. Avec 189 États membres, des collaborateurs issus de plus de 170 pays et plus de 130 antennes à travers le monde, le Groupe de la Banque mondiale est un partenariat sans équivalent : cinq institutions œuvrant de concert à la recherche de solutions durables pour réduire la pauvreté et favoriser le partage de la prospérité dans les … Parliament and political parties were reduced to marginal roles, and there were severe constraints on the media. Second-level jurisdiction includes courts of appeal from the first-instance courts and criminal cases involving serious offences. In 1913, a decree (dahir) took all but civil cases out of the hands of the qadis (religiously educated judges), and reorganized the administration of justice in both jurisdictions along French lines. GIZ also provides support to its Moroccan partners in the fields of … Overview of governance in Morocco: the monarchy, the executive, the legislative, the legal system, local government, military and police. The military forces’ extensive combat experience in the Western Sahara has given them operational expertise in desert warfare and combined air-land warfare. The Police. The Bloc was banned in 1937 and replaced by two parties, one headed by Ouezzani and the other by al-Fassi. Other problems are the quality of legal personnel and difficulties of gaining access to the courts. There was a great rivalry between the two. The Legislative The Communist Party was banned in 1952 but resurrected in 1974, still with Ali Yata at its head, as the Party of Progress and Socialism (Parti du Progrès et Socialisme, PPS). Human Rights in Morocco. They also hear criminal cases involving petty offences. The Commission proposed there be only twelve regions, covering larger areas and greater populations and with much greater autonomy. Each of Morocco’s first five constitutions since independence began the same way: ‘Morocco is a constitutional democratic and social monarchy.’ The sixth Constitution in 2011 added the word ‘parliamentary’: ‘Le Maroc est une monarchie constitutionnelle, démocratique, parlementaire et sociale.’ The monarchy is very old: the current dynasty dates back to the mid-17th century and is the oldest surviving ruling family in the Arab countries. He earned a BA in law at Rabat-Agdal University and a PhD in law from the University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, where he wrote his thesis on EEC-Maghrib relations. A taoutiq judge (who handles notary issues and issues concerning minors), assisted by aduls (religiously-trained clerks), applies the personal law in the first-instance court. HTF MI 'Morocco Insurance Industry - Governance, Risk and Compliance' report is the result of extensive research into the insurance regulatory framework in Morocco. Article 4 of the preceding (1996) Constitution said exactly the same thing, as did every previous Constitution (1992, 1972, 1970, and 1960), but the rule of law during the reign of his father was extremely circumscribed. The proposed policy has not yet been put into effect, although the constitutional basis for it was laid out in the 2011 Constitution (Section IX). The party won the municipal elections in 2009, and, with 47 seats, came fourth in the 2011 parliamentary elections. A second generation of parties was founded between the late 1960s and early 1980s, the most repressive period of Hassan II’s rule. There are two parliamentary sessions a year, beginning in October and April. The Open Government Review of Morocco is the first of its kind analysing a country’s open government policies and practices and their institutional and legal frameworks for implementation against OECD instruments. The Open Government Review of Morocco is the first of its kind analysing a country’s open government policies and practices and their institutional and legal frameworks for implementation against OECD instruments. OECD iLibrary. Governance Reform in Morocco. Offically a parliamentary constitutional democracy, in … The corps of judges is also unrepresentative of Moroccan society. According to Morocco’s Constitution, executive power is vested in the government, which consists of the Prime Minister and the Cabinet (Article 87). It also appoints the administrative heads of government departments, the presidents of universities, and the heads of other institutions of higher education. Economy . As a result, many were muted in their criticism and positioned themselves in the political centre. Local Government The 2011 Constitution, which was immediately the result of the Arab Spring movement, was the long-term consequence of this liberalizing trend. When he died in 1927, he was succeeded by his son Mohammed V, who became the symbolic rallying point for a modern nationalist movement that asserted his legitimacy while trying to limit his powers. Corporate Governance in Transition Economies Morocco Country Report June 2016 Prepared by: Gian Piero Cigna Ahmed Meziou With the assistance of: Nestor Advisors . Northern Morocco, particularly the region of Tangier-Tetouan-Al Hoceima, has historically been an area where disenfranchised youth have been recruited into violent extremist activities. Morocco has made access to drinking water a priority for many years. Istiqlal split again in 1957, when Mahjoubi Aherdane and Abdelkarim al-Khatib set up a Berber-dominated, royalist party, the Popular Movement (Mouvement Populaire, MP), and yet again in 1959, when Mehdi Ben Barka led the left wing away to form the National Union of Popular Forces (Union Nationale des Forces Populaires, UNFP; called Socialist Union of Popular Forces or the Union Socialist des Forces Populaires, USFP from 1974). In the early days after Moroccan independence, the Soviet Union supplied a large amount of military equipment, most of which is no longer in service. The King used the parties as a way to divide the political forces. As a result, the executive is made up of members of the largest party or coalition of parties in the Parliament determined by the results of the general elections. His authority is derived from his role as the political head of a community defined by belief. The Army’s main battle tanks are 220 US-made M6001A, although there are still 40 Soviet-era T-72 tanks on the books. Morocco. The Monarchy Sultan Mohammed V was obliged to sign the Dahir, but it brought a storm of protest from Arab nationalists, who saw it as an attack on Islam, by degrading the Sharia. In partnership with the General Directorate of Territorial Collectivities (DGCT) and the Association of Regions of Morocco (ARM), TASHAROC wishes to study the … Governance | Morocco News is a news reader (RSS reader) providing a summary of headlines and latest news stories disseminated in the reliable news sources from Morocco News. The Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI) project reports aggregate and individual governance indicators for over 200 countries and territories over the period 1996–2018, for six dimensions of governance:Voice and AccountabilityPolitical Stability and Absence of ViolenceGovernment EffectivenessRegulatory QualityRule of LawControl of Corruption The Worldwide Governance … Benhlal makes important recommendations about political oversight, implementation of the rule of law and anti-corruption measures to ensure that these constitutional amendments will be more than a veil of good governance. Tweet. Religious personal-status law was maintained as the responsibility of Sharia courts for Muslims and rabbinical courts for Jews. The Prime Minister and Cabinet are officially appointed by the King, but the government’s programme must be approved by a majority vote of the Chamber of Deputies after a debate in both parliamentary chambers. The Communist Party was legalized in 1937 and grew through the trade unions. By bringing together a multitude of OECD instruments and expertise in different areas of public governance… READ online. Parliament passes laws: legislative bills are submitted to both chambers, and if they do not adopt an identical text, the government sets up a joint committee with equal representation to establish it. Link / Embed. In 2019, Morocco ranked 61 out of 137 countries included in the annual GFP review. The United States Government, through USAID, is working closely with different political actors – political parties, government entities, civil society organizations (CSO), and civil society as a whole – to help them build their capacities, facilitate citizen participation, and ensure sustainable participatory governance. Four months after the parliamentary elections of 7 October 2016, Abdelilah Benkirane, leader of the winning Islamist Justice and Development Party (PJD), was unable to form the coalition government required by law. Further experience has come from participating in peace-keeping operations in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Serbia, and Ivory Coast. Trade courts deal with commercial and business disputes with a value under a specific amount. Prophetic descent was reinforced by the ability to command force and exercise power. Tensions are already mounting between the main political parties. PDF | Land in Morocco constitutes a basic resource seen as the most profitable and assured investment for many investors. Islamic law too is codified, in the Mudawana. This was a rolling process, and the final stage in 1930 saw the promulgation of the famous Berber Dahir, which was envisioned as a tidying-up process under which tribal qaids (administrators) would deal with minor criminal matters under French law and civil matters according to what the French defined as Berber customary law. The bicameral Parliament consists of the House of Representatives (395 members), elected for five years by direct universal suffrage, and the House of Councillors (with a maximum of 120 members), elected for six years by a complicated system of indirect elections by local councils, professional organizations, and labour unions. Morocco News reads latest regional, national and local headlines in English, France and Arabic. Readers are advised to seek … In this new paper, Mohamed Benhlal analyzes Morocco’s recent constitutional amendments, which seemed, on paper, to make significance progress towards good governance. The system relies heavily on university academic performance: half the trainees have a law degree, and the rest have higher qualifications, but 80 percent have had no previous professional experience. Attempts by the Ministry of Justice to set up a multi-media public-awareness campaign on basic rights failed because of lack of funding. Mohammed V’s son, Hassan II, who ruled from 1961 until 1999, maintained the facade of a constitutional monarchy, but he was the master of his realm. The reason is that formation of a coalition is much more difficult than expected . In 2003, terrorist crimes were added to the list, but the penalty has not been carried out since 1993 (although by August 2008 there were 150 prisoners on death row). The conservative Independence Party trailed in third place with 43 seats. Based on the Alexandria Protocol of 1944, the League of Arab States – commonly referred to as the Arab League – was founded in Cairo on 22 March 1945. This would permit the operation of a local autonomy plan for the Western Sahara: the two Saharan provinces would be empowered to use local resources to develop the infrastructure and improve the economic conditions. Some were Moroccan branches of French political parties based in the settler community, others were specifically Moroccan organizations. But individuals did not, in the end, ‘disappear’, and the repression was focused, not generalized. Full sessions are held in public. This was essentially the system adopted in the first Moroccan Constitution of 1962, but the Parliament was reduced to a single chamber for most of the 1970s and 1980s. Matching expectations with opportunities for participation in civic life is also an important component in addressing security and stability in the country. Most of the population cannot afford legal services, as the average lawyer’s fee is equivalent to two to four weeks of the minimum wage. But Mohammed VI, who came to the throne when he was quite young – he was born in 1963 – has modernizing and technocratic credentials. This can have the result of creating alternative legal solutions in certain areas. In Morocco, internal demands for institutional reform backed by popular support have become a major lever in assisting to establish good governance in the country since early 2011. Royal family members claim direct descent from the Prophet Muhammad via his daughter Fatima, his son-in-law Ali Ibn Abu Talib, and their son Hassan. Foreigners and their local agents were exempted from both Moroccan law and taxation, by the system of capitulations and placed under the jurisdiction of their national consuls, which allowed them to do business unfettered and behave badly. The backbone of policing is the Royal Gendarmerie, part of the Royal Armed Forces, which comes under the Ministry of the Interior when it acts as the administrative police and under the Ministry of Justice when it acts as the Judicial Police (Police Judiciare), investigating crimes, gathering evidence, and bringing alleged perpetrators to court. By bringing together a multitude of OECD instruments and expertise in different areas of public governance, the Review provides Moroccan … The parties vanished during World War II but re-emerged after the American invasion of 1943, with the foundation of the Independence Party (Parti de l’Independence, Parti Istiqlal, or Istiqlal, PI), whose manifesto marks the beginning of modern nationalism and the modern Moroccan state. The French did, however, maintain the institution of royal family and appointed another brother, Yusef, as sultan. Similarly, although defendants are presumed innocent and have a legal right to a fair public trial with right of appeal, this is not always the case in practice, especially in political cases involving those protesting the incorporation of the Western Sahara. Morocco is currently under the Alaouite Dynasty and each King since 1666 has belonged to the Alaouite family. This area of Morocco … The Constitution (Article 80) states that ‘The judicial authority is independent of the legislative power and of the executive power’ and that magistrates are not removable (Article 83). Only one-quarter of judicial trainees are women, and 90 percent are from the cities, although only 55 percent of the population is urban. Access to the Courts In Morocco, internal demands for institutional reform backed by popular support have become a major lever in assisting to establish good governance in the country since early 2011. Comments are welcome: please provide comments to cignag@ebrd.com 2 This Report does not constitute legal advice. A new wave of parties emerged, many of them offshoots of second-generation parties. Interview with a Public Sector expert, Fabian Seiderer, on Governance in Morocco. Since the early 2000s a much closer relationship with the United States, part of the so-called ‘War on Terror’, has made possible a modernization programme, particularly of the Air Force, with an order for 24 F-16 fighter aircraft, some of which have been delivered. As a result, Morocco is currently experiencing a difficult political situation, characterized by a general m... Stay up to date with the weekly newsletter! There is also a small-claims legal system. As under the French system, an investigating judge investigates serious offences and can remand a suspect into pre-trial custody. Yet despite its relatively progressive orientation, the new Constitution maintains the monarch as the most important political actor, with his formal rights and legitimacy unchanged. There are no provisions for legal aid in civil matters – even though legal representation is compulsory before the bench – except in cases involving alimony. This study analyses initiatives undertaken in Morocco to support the management of critical risks. The other historic leader of the MP, Abdelkarim al-Khatib, founded the Popular Democratic and Constitutional Movement (Mouvement Populaire Constitutionel Démocratique, MPCD; 1967), which adopted an Islamist tone. Moreover, autonomous regions elsewhere in the world have functioned smoothly only on the basis of the rule of law and respect for human rights, which might conflict with the vast prerogatives of the King under the current system. Beneath the highest level, consisting of the regions, are the provinces, which are subdivided into communes. The underlying reason seems to have been to provide a possible solution to the Western Sahara question. There are three levels of jurisdiction. Increasing European hegemony led religiously inspired nationalists to overthrow him and replace him with one of his brothers, Abdelhafid. The Ministry of Justice recognizes that the level of judicial competence is generally low, a consequence of the poor training of judges by the National Institute of Judicial Studies, which lacks staff and resources, and because of shortcomings in court internships. The constitutional reforms undertaken by Morocco since the 2011 protests have modified legislative and institutional procedures, yet their real impact on governance needs to be assessed. The main light tanks are French (AMX-13) and Austrian (SK-105 Kürassier). In August 2015, Morocco signed a deal with Russia to purchase its first submarine, an Amur-1650, worth $340 million. The “Morocco New Governance Framework Implementation Support Project” is being funded with a US$4.5 million grant from the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Transition Fund, approved on February 20, 2013. Al-Fassi, Ouezzani, and others set up the National Action Bloc (Bloc d’Action National, BAN) and proposed a Plan of Reforms in 1934, which the French rejected. The Moroccan army is notable for its large number of personnel and high level of training. Constitutionality has a legitimizing role in Morocco, but so does monarchy. In 2018, military expenditure accounted for 3.1 per cent of GDP, compared with 3.2 per cent in both 2017 and 2016, according to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. Within the framework of the Morocco Country Programme and the implementation of the "Advanced Regionalisation Process", the MENA-OECD Governance Programme has contributed to improving the quality of local-level policies and strengthening citizens' trust in governance.Strategic assistance was provided to achieve three … First-instance courts hear civil cases related to persons or inheritances, and to social and commercial laws. The Navy is the poor relation of the services: it has some modern French-built frigates, but its main fleet consists of aging patrol and coastal craft that cannot prevent fast boat smuggling across the Mediterranean. However, the country’s military costs are high, amounting to 10.1 per cent of total government spending in 2011. The Constitutional Court has the task of ensuring that laws passed by Parliament are in conformity with the Constitution. Officials were arrested and prosecuted for crimes ranging from assault and battery to petty bribery in all parts of Morocco and Western Sahara, but many cases are not brought to trial. Morocco is a monarchy, and has been ruled by members of the Alaouite dynasty since the beginning of the 17th century. In March 2017, the king appointed Saad Eddine el-Othmani, who is a member of PJD, to form the government. Source: GFP review. Morocco is the world’s largest exporter of phosphate, which is an industry controlled by the royal family and by the elite who monopolize larger, multi-sector industries and who are close associates of the mon… The person in this position serves as a secular leader as well as the Leader of the Faithful, a title often used by Muslim rulers to indicate direct relation to the Prophet Mohammed. As a political official, the … Parts of the regions of Guelmim–al-Semara and Laayoune–Boujdour–Sakia al-Hamra and all of Oued Eddahab Lagouira are in the territory of Western Sahara. In a context of increasing globalization, marked by the intensification of trade in a more competitive environment, the port sector in Morocco and in the world, has become an important lever for development and competitiveness of a country. Governance Structure Conformément à la circulaire du Premier Ministre n°17/2009 du 21 Octobre 2009, le programme e-gouvernement a été doté d'une gouvernance reposant sur trois structures : Le Comité Interministériel e-gouvernement par abréviation CIGOV, présidé par le Ministre en charge de l’Industrie, du Commerce … The top level of local government is the region. However, basing his analysis on governance indicators such as the Worldwide Governance Indicators and components of the Arab Democracy Index, Benhlal points out that the practice of governance of Morocco is not as positive as claimed in the political discourse. This paper presents a preliminary analysis of the issues of governance in human rights organizations in Morocco. At present, Morocco is divided into 16 regions: Each region is headed by a governor (wali) and includes of a varying number of provinces (covering rural areas) and prefectures (covering large urban areas). Since independence, the civil- and criminal-law systems have been based on French, Spanish, and Islamic law, following French legal procedure. Communal and district courts hear personal-estate actions against residents of their jurisdiction, again, under a certain sum. Mounting Tensions Between Morocco’s Main Political Parties. He was appointed in November 2011, after elections, and heads a coalition including the centre-right nationalist Istiqlal, the liberal Popular Movement (Mouvement Populaire, MP), which has Berber roots, and the left-wing Party of Progress and Socialism (Parti du Progrès et du Socialisme, PPS; formerly the Parti Communiste du Maroc). As part of the policy under the French Protectorate of dividing Arabs from Berbers, the French authorities installed a system of customary law in the Berber areas. Most significantly, under this new model the Saharan provinces would be brought together into two regions rather than shared between three provinces that also included parts of pre-1975 Morocco. In partnership with the General Directorate of Territorial Collectivities (DGCT) and the Association of Regions of Morocco (ARM), TASHAROC wishes to study the possibilities of operationalising the recommendations from the 1st national conference on advanced regionalisation for citizen participation, with the British … The Cabinet determines and implements public and foreign policy and oversees the passing of laws by Parliament. This is formalized in five codes that have been updated and revised at various times: Civil (1913), Penal (1962), Penal Procedure (1959), Commercial (1996), and Mudawana (for family law). The Supreme Court hears appeals from lower courts and resolves jurisdictional disputes. At the same time, the French established what was effectively a three-part legal system in Morocco. The current Prime Minister is Abdelilah Benkirane of the moderate Islamist Justice and Development Party (Parti de la Justice et du Développement, PJD). An initial answer would be that the country is still vulnerable for a number of reasons. Authenticity and Modernity Party This was reflected in the King’s speech in March 2011 and the constitutional amendment in July of the same year. It has not fought a conventional interstate war since the Algerian wars of the early 1960s. … The Government of Morocco has been criticized for a lack of effective resource governance, which has been mainly linked to an incomplete regulatory framework and insufficient disclosure policies (NRGI). The national civilian police force is the National Security (Sûreté Nationale), which is an armed force of about 60,000, under the Ministry of the Interior. Please contact us in case of omissions concerning copyright-protected work. Towards New Arrangements for State Ownership in the Middle East and North Africa Corporate governance of state-owned enterprises in Morocco… In February 2010, a royal directive outlined a plan to modernize and professionalize the National Security by improving the quality of recruits and reducing corruption, with increased investigation, prosecution, and training – including a human-rights component – for security personnel.

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